ZTNA access proxy with SAML and MFA using FortiAuthenticator example

ZTNA access proxy supports device verification using device certificates that are issued by EMS. To authenticate users, administrators can use either basic or SAML authentication. An advantage of SAML authentication is that multi-factor authentication (MFA) can be provided by the SAML Identity Provider (IdP).

In these example, a FortiAuthenticator is used as the IdP, and MFA is applied to user authentication for remote users accessing the web, RDP, and SSH resources over the ZTNA access proxy. It is assumed that the FortiGate EMS fabric connector has already been successfully connected.

DNS resolutions:

• ztna.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443 -> 10.100.64.201:20443

• entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443 -> 10.100.64.201:20443

• fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com - > 10.100.64.103

The FortiAuthenticator (FAC) integrates with Active Directory (AD) on the Windows Domain Controller, which is also acting as the EMS server. Users are synchronized from the AD to the FAC, and remote users are configured with token-based authentication. SAML authentication is configured on the FortiGate, pointing to the FAC as the SAML IdP. The SAML server is applied to the ZTNA access proxy authentication scheme and rule, to provide the foundation for applying user authentication on individual ZTNA rules.

Configuring the FortiAuthenticator

First configure the FortiAuthenticator to synchronize users from AD using LDAP, apply MFA to individual remote users, and be the IdP.

To create a remote authentication server pointing to the Windows AD:

1. Go to Authentication > Remote Auth. Servers > LDAP and click Create New.

2. Configure the following:

   Name	AD
   Primary server name / IP	10.100.88.5
   Port	389 (or another port if using LDAPS)
   Based distinguished name	DC=FORTI-ARBUTUS,DC=LOCAL
   Bind type	Regular
   Username	<user account used for LDAP bind>
   Password	<password of user>
   User object class	person (default)
   Username attribute	sAMAccountName (default)
   Group object class	group (default)
   Obtain group membership from	Group attribute
   Group membership attribute	memberOf (default)
   Secure connection	Enable if using LDAPS or STARTTLS

3. Click OK.

4. In the Remote LDAP Users section click Go.

5. Select the users to import then click OK.

6. Click OK.

   For more details, see LDAP in the FortiAuthenticator Administration Guide.

To configure a remote LDAP user to use MFA:

1. Go to Authentication > User Management > Remote Users, and edit a user.

2. Enable Token-based authentication then select the method of token code delivery.

   For this example, select FortiToken > Mobile, select the Token from the drop-down list, and set the Activation delivery method to email.

3. In the User Information section, add the email address that will be used for the FortiToken activation.

4. Click OK.

   An activation email is sent to the user that they can use to install the token to their FortiToken Mobile app.

   For more details, see Remote users in the FortiAuthenticator Administration Guide.

To configure SAML IdP:

1. Go to Authentication > SAML IdP > General and enable Enable SAML Identity Provider portal.

2. The Server address is the device FQDN or IP address (configured in the System Information widget at System > Dashboard > Status). In this example, it is fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com.

3. Set Username input format to username@realm.

4. Click Add a realm in the Realms table:

   1. Set Realm to the just created LDAP realm (AD).

   2. Optionally, enable Filter and select the required users groups. In this example, Customer Support and Marketing are configured.

5. Set Default IdP certificate to the certificate that will be used in the HTTPS connection to the IdP portal.

6. Click OK.

7. Go to Authentication > SAML IdP > Service Providers, and click Create New to create a service provider (SP) for the FortiGate SP.

8. Configure the following, which must match what will be configured on the FortiGate:

   SP name	Enterprise Core
   IdP prefix	ztna
   Server certificate	Same certificate as the default IdP certificate used in SAML IdP > General
   SP entity ID	https://entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443/ztna/saml/metadata/
   SP ACS (login) URL	https://entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443/ztna/saml/login/
   SP SLS (logout) URL	https://entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443/ztna/saml/logout/
   Participate in single logout	Enable

   Where the SP entity ID, SP ACS (login) URL, and SP SLS (logout) URL break down as follows:

   • entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com - The FQDN that resolves to the FortiGate SP.

   • 20443 - The port that is used to map to the FortiGate's SAML SP service.

   • /ztna/saml - The custom, user defined fileds.

   • /metadata, /login, and /logout - The standard convention used to identify the SP entity, log in portal, and log out portal.

9. Click OK.

10. Edit the just created SP object and, under SAML Attribute, click Create New.

11. Set SAML attribute to the username and set User attribute to Username, then click OK.

12. Click OK.

Configuring the FortiGate SAML settings

On the FortiGate, a SAML user is used to define the SAML SP and IdP settings. This user is then applied to the ZTNA proxy using an authentication scheme, rule, and settings. A ZTNA server is then created to allow access to the SAML SP server so that end users can reach the FortiGate SP's captive portal. The SAML user must then be added to a ZTNA rule to trigger authentication when accessing the ZTNA access proxy.

To create a new SAML user/server:

1. Create the SAML user object:

   config user saml
       edit "su-ztna"
           set cert "FortiDemo"
           set entity-id "https://entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443/ztna/saml/metadata/"
           set single-sign-on-url "https://entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443/ztna/saml/login/"
           set single-logout-url "https://entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443/ztna/saml/logout/"
           set idp-entity-id "http://fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com/saml-idp/ztna/metadata/"
           set idp-single-sign-on-url "https://fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com/saml-idp/ztna/login/"
           set idp-single-logout-url "https://fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com/saml-idp/ztna/logout/"
           set idp-cert "REMOTE_Cert_1"
           set user-name "username"
           set digest-method sha1
       next
   end
   

   Where:

   • The FortiDemo certificate is a local certificate that is used to sign SAML messages that are exchanged between the client and the FortiGate SP. In this example, it is used to sign entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com.

   • The REMOTE_Cert_1 certificate is a remote certificate that is used to identify the IdP. In this example, fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com.

   • The URLs used in the SAML user settings are the same as the ones defined on the FortiAuthenticator.

2. Add the SAML user object to a new user group:

   config user group
       edit "ztna-users"
           set member "su-ztna"
       next
   end
   

To apply the SAML server to proxy authentication:

1. Apply the SAML server to an authentication scheme:

   config authentication scheme
       edit "saml-scheme"
           set method saml
           set saml-server "su-ztna"
       next
   end
   

2. Apply the authentication scheme to an authentication rule:

   config authentication rule
       edit "saml-rule"
           set srcintf "any"
           set srcaddr "all"
           set ip-based disable
           set active-auth-method "saml-scheme"
           set web-auth-cookie enable
       next
   end
   

3. Configure the active authentication scheme, and a captive portal to serve the log in page for the SAML requests:

   config firewall address
       edit "entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com"
           set type fqdn
           set fqdn "entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com"
       next
   end

   config authentication setting
       set active-auth-scheme "saml-scheme"
       set captive-portal "entcore.fortidemo.fortinet.com"
   end
   

To configure a ZTNA access proxy to allow SAML authentication requests to the SP:

1. Configure the ZTNA server:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > ZTNA, select the ZTNA Servers tab, and click Create New.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	ZTNA-access
      Service	HTTPS
      External interface	Any
      External IP	10.100.64.201
      External port	20443
      Default certificate	FortiDemo

   3. Click OK.

2. Map the access proxy configurations to the SAML server:

   config firewall access-proxy
       edit "ZTNA-access"
           config api-gateway
               edit 1
                   set service samlsp
                   set saml-server "su-ztna"
               next
           end
       next
   end
   

3. Define the ZTNA rule to allow access to the ZTNA server:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > ZTNA, select the ZTNA Rules tab, and click Create New.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	ZTNA-Rule
      Source (Address)	all
      Source (User)	ztna-users
      ZTNA Server	ZTNA-access
      Action	Accept

   3. Click OK.

4. Configure a firewall policy to forward traffic to the access proxy VIP:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy and click Create New.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	ZTNA Policy
      ZTNA	Enabled. Full ZTNA
      Incoming Interface	Any
      Source	All
      ZTNA Server	ZTNA-access
      Schedule	always
      Service	ALL
      Action	Accept
      NAT	NAT

   3. Click OK.

To configure a VIP and a firewall policy to forward IdP authentication traffic to the FortiAuthenticator:

Remote clients connect to the FortiAuthenticator IdP behind the FortiGate using a VIP. In this example, users connect to the FQDN fac.fortidemo.fortinet.com that resolves to the VIP's external IP address.

1. Configure the VIP to forward traffic to the FortiAuthenticator:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > Virtual IPs and click Create New > Virtual IP.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	FortiAuthenticator
      Interface	Any
      External IP address	10.100.64.103
      Map to > IPv4 address/range	10.100.88.9
      Port Forwarding	Enabled
      Protocol	TCP
      External service port	443
      Map to IPv4 port	443

   3. Click OK.

2. Configure a firewall policy to allow VIP:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > Firewall Policy and click Create New.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	WAN to FAC
      ZTNA	Disabled
      Incoming Interface	Any
      Outgoing Interface	Any
      Source	All
      ZTNA Server	FortiAuthenticator
      Schedule	always
      Service	ALL
      Action	Accept
      NAT	disabled

   3. Click OK.

Example 1 - Applying SAML and MFA to ZTNA HTTPS access proxy

In this HTTPS access proxy example, two real servers are implemented with round robin load balancing performed between them. The HTTPS access proxy is configured on the same ZTNA server as was configured in the authentication step. The same ZTNA rule and firewall policy also apply.

To configure the ZTNA server for HTTPS access proxy with load balancing:

1. Go to Policy & Objects > ZTNA and select the ZTNA Servers tab.

2. Edit the ZTNA-access server.

3. In the Service/server mapping table, click Create New:

   1. Set Virtual Host to Any Host.

   2. In the Servers table click Create New:

      1. Set IP to 10.100.77.200

      2. Set Port to 443.

      3. Set Status to Active.

      4. Click OK.

   3. Create a second server with IP 10.100.77.202.

   4. Click OK.

4. Click OK.

   The default load balancing algorithm is round-robin.

Testing and verification:

From the remote endpoint, user John Locus attempts to connect to the Finance server over ZTNA:

1. On the remote Windows computer, open FortiClient and register to the EMS server.

2. Open a browser and attempt to connect to the web server at https://ztna.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443.

3. Device authentication prompts the user for their device certificate. Select the certificate issued by EMS and click OK.

4. FortiGate receives the SAML request and redirects the user to the IdP login screen. Enter the username and password for John Locus and click Login.

5. A second prompt opens asking for the Token Code. Enter the code then click Verify.

   

6. The FortiAuthenticator IdP verifies the login, then sends the SAML assertion back to the user.

7. The browser redirects the assertion to the FortiGate SP, which decides if the user is allowed access.

8. On a successful log in, FortiGate redirects the user to the web page that they are trying to access.

Logs and debugs:

On the FortiGate, a successful connection can be seen in Log & Report > Forward Traffic log, or by using the CLI:

# execute log filter category 0
# execute log filter field srcip 10.100.66.103
# execute log display
...
1: date=2021-08-25 time=23:34:15 eventtime=1629959656098675227 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=51341 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.77.202 dstport=443 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3396047 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="HTTPS" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=1 policytype="proxy-policy" poluuid="256bb090-0518-51ec-f431-5dcc0baa725b" policyname="ZTNA-Rule" duration=16 user="johnlocus" group="ztna-users" wanin=2837 rcvdbyte=2837 wanout=1495 lanin=2581 sentbyte=2581 lanout=5505 appcat="unscanned"

2: date=2021-08-25 time=23:34:04 eventtime=1629959645171823879 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=62691 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.77.200 dstport=443 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3396036 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="HTTPS" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=1 policytype="proxy-policy" poluuid="256bb090-0518-51ec-f431-5dcc0baa725b" policyname="ZTNA-Rule" duration=5 user="johnlocus" group="ztna-users" wanin=2837 rcvdbyte=2837 wanout=1546 lanin=1576 sentbyte=1576 lanout=1033 appcat="unscanned"
...
4: date=2021-08-25 time=23:29:21 eventtime=1629959362319670887 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=62107 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.64.201 dstport=20443 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3388350 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="tcp/20443" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=41 policytype="policy" poluuid="256d6bd8-0518-51ec-7b6a-18df00b82da3" policyname="ZTNA Policy" duration=1 user="johnlocus" authserver="su-ztna" wanin=0 rcvdbyte=0 wanout=0 lanin=14246 sentbyte=14246 lanout=993 appcat="unscanned"

Log number four shows that the session was first allowed through the ZTNA firewall policy. Log numbers one and two show the traffic allowed through the ZTNA proxy-policy over two successive sessions. Note that they have different destination IP addresses (dstip), indicating that ZTNA was performing server load balancing.

Use the following command to show if the FortiGate's WAD process has an active record of the SAML user login:

# diagnose wad user list

ID: 6, VDOM: root, IPv4: 10.100.66.103
  user name   : johnlocus
  worker      : 0
  duration    : 611
  auth_type   : Session
  auth_method : SAML
  pol_id      : 1
  g_id        : 3
  user_based  : 0
  expire      : 283
  LAN:
    bytes_in=38016 bytes_out=16166
  WAN:
    bytes_in=12422 bytes_out=7217

Example 2 - Applying SAML and MFA to a ZTNA TCP forwarding access proxy for RDP connections

In this TCP forwarding access proxy example, RDP connections are allowed to be forwarded to the Windows/EMS server. Traffic to TCP/3389 is allowed through the ZTNA proxy.

To configure the ZTNA server for TCP forwarding on TCP/3389:

1. Create a firewall address for the Windows/EMS server:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > Addresses and click Create New > Address.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	EMS-Server
      Type	Subnet
      IP/Netmask	10.100.88.5/32
      Interface	any

   3. Click OK.

2. Add new server mappings to the existing access proxy configurations:

   config firewall access-proxy
       edit "ZTNA-access"
           config api-gateway
               edit 3
                   set url-map "tcp"
                   set service tcp-forwarding
                   config realservers
                       edit 1
                           set address "EMS-Server"
                           set mappedport 3389 
                           set type tcp-forwarding
                       next
                   end
               next
           end
       next
   end

Testing and verification:

On the remote endpoint, manually configure ZTNA connection rules to forward RDP traffic to the ZTNA access proxy. The rules can also be pushed from the EMS server; for details see Provisioning ZTNA TCP forwarding rules via EMS.

Configure the ZTNA connection rule:

1. On the remote Windows computer, open FortiClient.

2. Register to the EMS server.

3. On the ZTNA Connection Rules tab, click Add Rule to add a TCP forwarding rule.

4. Configure the following:

   Rule Name	RDP-server
   Destination Host	10.100.88.5:3389
   Proxy Gateway	ztna.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443
   Mode	Transparent
   Encryption	Disabled Encryption can be enabled or disabled. When it is disabled, the client to access proxy connection is not encrypted in HTTPS. Because RDP is encrypted by default, disabling Encryption does not reduce security.

5. Click Create.

Connect over RDP:

1. On the remote PC, open a new RDP connection.

2. Enter the IP address 10.100.588.5. By default, RDP session use port 3389.

   When the connection to the ZTNA access proxy is established, FortiGate will redirect the SAML login request to the FortiAuthenticator IdP.

   A FortiClient prompt will open with the FortiAuthenticator login screen.

3. Enter the username and password then click Login.

4. A second prompt opens asking for the Token Code. Enter the code from your FortiToken app, then click Verify.

5. FortiAuthenticator verifies the token code, determines if the login is successful, then sends the SAML assertion back to the client.

6. The client redirects the response back to the FortiGate SP.

7. If the log in was successful, the user can now log on to the RDP session.

Logs and debugs:

On the FortiGate, a successful connection can be seen in Log & Report > Forward Traffic log, or by using the CLI:

# execute log filter category 0
# execute log filter field srcip 10.100.66.103
# execute log display
...
3: date=2021-08-25 time=23:05:52 eventtime=1629957952722272222 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=59980 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.88.5 dstport=3389 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3349083 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="RDP" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=1 policytype="proxy-policy" poluuid="256bb090-0518-51ec-f431-5dcc0baa725b" policyname="ZTNA-Rule" duration=8 user="johnlocus" group="ztna-users" wanin=0 rcvdbyte=0 wanout=0 lanin=1444 sentbyte=1444 lanout=665 appcat="unscanned"

4: date=2021-08-25 time=23:05:49 eventtime=1629957949064583213 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=59982 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.64.201 dstport=20443 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3349102 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="tcp/20443" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=41 policytype="policy" poluuid="256d6bd8-0518-51ec-7b6a-18df00b82da3" policyname="ZTNA Policy" duration=5 user="johnlocus" authserver="su-ztna" wanin=0 rcvdbyte=0 wanout=0 lanin=14237 sentbyte=14237 lanout=1032 appcat="unscanned"

Use the following command to show if the FortiGate's WAD process has an active record of the SAML user login:

# diagnose wad user list

ID: 6, VDOM: root, IPv4: 10.100.66.103
  user name   : johnlocus
  worker      : 0
  duration    : 611
  auth_type   : Session
  auth_method : SAML
  pol_id      : 1
  g_id        : 3
  user_based  : 0
  expire      : no
  LAN:
    bytes_in=51471 bytes_out=233862
  WAN:
    bytes_in=211247 bytes_out=24410

Example 3 - Applying SAML and MFA to a ZTNA SSH access proxy

In this SSH access proxy example, SSH connections can be forwarded to the web server.

To configure the ZTNA server for SSH access proxy:

1. Create a firewall address for the web server:

   1. Go to Policy & Objects > Addresses and click Create New > Address.

   2. Configure the following:

      Name	Web-Server1
      Type	Subnet
      IP/Netmask	10.100.77.101/32
      Interface	any

   3. Click OK.

2. Add new server mappings to the existing access proxy configurations:

   config firewall access-proxy
       edit "ZTNA-access"
           config api-gateway
               edit 3
                   config realservers
                       edit 1
                           set address "Web-Server1"
                           set mappedport 22
                           set type ssh
                       next
                   end
               next
           end
       next
   end

Testing and verification:

On the remote endpoint, manually configure ZTNA connection rules to forward SSH traffic to the ZTNA access proxy. The rules can also be pushed from the EMS server; for details see Provisioning ZTNA TCP forwarding rules via EMS.

Configure the ZTNA connection rule:

1. On the remote Windows computer, open FortiClient.

2. Register to the EMS server.

3. On the ZTNA Connection Rules tab, click Add Rule to add a TCP forwarding rule.

4. Configure the following:

   Rule Name	SSH-webserver
   Destination Host	10.100.77.101:22
   Proxy Gateway	ztna.fortidemo.fortinet.com:20443
   Mode	Transparent
   Encryption	Disabled

5. Click Create.

Connect over SSH:

1. On the remote PC, open a new SSH connection.

2. Enter the host root@10.100.77.101 on port 22.

   When the connection to the ZTNA access proxy is established, FortiGate will redirect the SAML login request to the FortiAuthenticator IdP.

   A FortiClient prompt will open with the FortiAuthenticator login screen.

3. Enter the username and password then click Login.

4. A second prompt opens asking for the Token Code. Enter the code from your FortiToken app, then click Verify.

5. FortiAuthenticator verifies the token code, determines if the login is successful, then sends the SAML assertion back to the client.

6. The client redirects the response back to the FortiGate SP.

7. If the log in was successful, the user can now log on to the SSH session.

Logs and debugs:

On the FortiGate, a successful connection can be seen in Log & Report > Forward Traffic log, or by using the CLI:

# execute log filter category 0
# execute log filter field srcip 10.100.66.103
# execute log display
...
2: date=2021-08-25 time=23:20:03 eventtime=1629958804111962686 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=60043 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.77.101 dstport=22 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3372964 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="SSH" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=1 policytype="proxy-policy" poluuid="256bb090-0518-51ec-f431-5dcc0baa725b" policyname="ZTNA-Rule" duration=1 user="johnlocus" group="ztna-users" wanin=39 rcvdbyte=39 wanout=0 lanin=1444 sentbyte=1444 lanout=726 appcat="unscanned"

3: date=2021-08-25 time=23:20:03 eventtime=1629958803100280597 tz="-0700" logid="0000000024" type="traffic" subtype="forward" level="notice" vd="root" srcip=10.100.66.103 srcport=60042 srcintf="port1" srcintfrole="wan" dstcountry="Reserved" srccountry="Reserved" dstip=10.100.64.201 dstport=20443 dstintf="root" dstintfrole="undefined" sessionid=3372934 srcuuid="d8dd134a-0517-51ec-2ff0-3032b84564e7" service="tcp/20443" proto=6 action="accept" policyid=41 policytype="policy" poluuid="256d6bd8-0518-51ec-7b6a-18df00b82da3" policyname="ZTNA Policy" duration=0 user="johnlocus" authserver="su-ztna" wanin=0 rcvdbyte=0 wanout=0 lanin=14237 sentbyte=14237 lanout=1032 appcat="unscanned"

Use the following command to show if the FortiGate's WAD process has an active record of the SAML user login:

# diagnose wad user list

ID: 6, VDOM: root, IPv4: 10.100.66.103
  user name   : johnlocus
  worker      : 0
  duration    : 192
  auth_type   : Session
  auth_method : SAML
  pol_id      : 1
  g_id        : 3
  user_based  : 0
  expire      : 475
  LAN:
    bytes_in=19647 bytes_out=10063
  WAN:
    bytes_in=2886 bytes_out=1860